In the process of reasoning logic can proceed from induction, Deduction and by analogy.
- Induction (Inductive reasoning): it is a process of reasoning that moves from particular to general propositions e.g.
Student A is a stubborn person.
Student B is a stubborn person.
Student C is a stubborn person.
Therefore, all student are stubborn persons. Or a dog observed has four legs.
Therefore, all dogs have four legs.
Inductive reasoning is probability reasoning and offers insufficient evidence for the conclusion.
Hence, committing the fallacy (error) of hasty generalization since all instances cannot be verified.
- Deduction (deductive reasoning): it is a process of reasoning from general principles to particular cases.
e.g. All teachers are wise persons
Therefore, the logic teacher is a wise person.
- Analogy: it is reasoning from particular cases to particular events. It is an inference from a resemblance between particular things, events to a further resemblance.
