- Every ; each ; he who ;always ; any ; whoever ;the ;a ;in every case ;whenever ;wherever ; everyone ; anything ; Whosoever. These terms make the proposition to be in the universal affirmation e.g.
- Whoever is intelligent succeeds = All intelligent people are successful
- He who writes must be an artist= All writers are artists
- Whenever i think of hell, i get sad = all people who know himare people who love him.
- S is always accompanied by P=A e.g
- Musicians Sing=All musicians are singers
- Silver shines=All silver are shinny elements
- S is P= A-Proposition.employ terms such as only, alone, none but,none except, and none who are not, are translated as, instead of All X’s are Y’s, we have ‘’ All Y’s are X’s’’. i.e. we interchange the subject and predicate terms etc e.g.
- None except women can be mothers= All mothers are women.
-only Christians are preachers= all preachers are Christians
But, all claims of the sort ‘’ the only X’s are Y’s should be translated as All X’s are Y’s without any interchange of subject and predicate terms. Here, there is intelligent are those whose parents Work’’ The subject is not intelligent because nothing is said intelligent. In such situations, ‘’intelligent’’ is instead the predicate term and ‘’those whose parents Work’’ subject so the standard for, Will read.
- All those whose parents Work are intelligent persons.
