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Logic Form 5 Art
CHAPTER 6 : TRANSLATION INTO STANDARD FORM
6. DIFFERENT PROPOSITIONS HYPOTHETICAL PROPOSITIONS
A hypothetical proposition with always in the consequent is translated into a universal affirmative e.g.
if man is rational, he is always purposeful = All rational beings are purposeful
if anyone is courageous, he is always a thief= All thieves are courageous persons
A hypothetical proposition with never in the consequent is translated in to a universal negative e.g.
if rulers are philosophers, they are never truthful= No rulers are truthful persons
if any man is honest, then he is never a lawyer = No lawyers are honest persons
words like
few, most, many, often, generally
, sometimes are translated into particular affirmative e.g.
if boys smoke cigarettes, they are sometimes courageous = Some cigarettes smokers are courageous persons
Words like
sometimes
not, generally not, often not, few not, mostly not are
translated in to particular negative e.g.
If a woman is a prostitute, she is something not faithful = some Women are not faithful persons
par
Claude Foumtum
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Logic Form 5 Art
CHAPTER 1 : LOGIC
Introduction
1.1 DEFINITION AND NATURE OF LOGIC
1.2 REASONS WHY WE STUDY LOGIC.
1.3 BASIC CONCEPT OF LOGIC
1.4 TYPES OF LOGIC
1.5 TYPES OF REASONING (METHODS OF LOGIC)
1.6 LAWS OF THOUGHT
1.7 OPERATIONS OF THE MIND
1.8 LOGIC AND RELATED FIELDS
CHAPTER 2: TERMS AND IDEAS
DEFINITION OF IDEAS AND TERMS
TYPES OF TERMS. (CLASSIFICATION OF TERMS)
2.1.3 MEANING OF TERMS: common terms possess two distinctive kinds of meanings
CHAPTER 3: DEFINITIONS AND LOGICAL DIVISION
DEFINITION OF DEFINITION
PURPOSE OF DEFINITIONS
THEORY OF DEFINITIONS
TYPES (KINDS) OF DEFINITIONS
RULES AND FALLACIES OF DEFINITIONS
LOGICAL DIVISION
TECHNICAL TERMS IN LOGICAL DIVISION
CHAPTER 4: LOGIC AND LANGUAGE.
LOGIC AND LANGUAGE
THE USES AND BASIC FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE:
KINDS OF MEANING.
FORMS OF DISCOURSE
LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT
CHAPITER 5 : PROPOSITION
DEFINITION OF STATEMENTS, PROPOSITIONS AND SENTENCES
TERMS OF A STANDARD PROPOSITION or PARTS OF A LOGICAL PROPOSITION
TYPES OF PROPOSITIONS
THE QAULITY AND QUANTITY OF PROPOSITIONS
Types of categorical propositions
CHAPTER 6 : TRANSLATION INTO STANDARD FORM
RULES OF TRANSLATION :
1. The A-proposition is guided by terms (indicators) such as ;
2. The E-Proposition is guided by terms such as never, No, none,nothing signifying universal negative e.g.
3. The I-Proposition is qualified with terms such as maybe, many, most, few, can, could, often, generally, and sometimes rendering the response particular affirmative e.g.
4. The O-Proposition; S may not be P= particular negative, it is also guided by words such as maybe not, often not, generally not, sometimes not etc e.g.
5. SINGULAR PROPOSITION
6. DIFFERENT PROPOSITIONS HYPOTHETICAL PROPOSITIONS
DISJUNCTIVE INTO HYPOTHETICAL PROPOSITIONS
