Chlamydomonas is unicellular motile green algae:

-It is spherical in shape

-It posses two flagella at the anterior end for locomotion

-It’s chloroplast is cup shaped with the pyrenoid at the anterior end

-The nucleas is found at the center and the lateral sensitive eyes spots are sensitive to light

-The contractile vacuole are found just in front of the nucleous use for storage of water.

A.  Mode of life of Chlamydomonas

Habitats:

Exact habitant would be fresh stagnant water

Reproduction:

They carry out both sexual and asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction by multiple fusions or by spoil formation while sexual reproduction is by conjugation

During conjugation chlamydomonas produce two types of gametes; we have identical gamete which are isogamy and the non-identical gamete which are anisogamy. The fusion of the gamete gives rise to zygote and the zygote develops into a zygospore which undergoes meosi to form zoo-spore. The zoo-spore will grow into new chlamydomonas.

Sub-kingdom: Algae

Phylum: Phaeophyta

Class: Phaeophyceae brown algae

B.  General characteristics  

• Brown algae have focoxanthin as the dominant photosynthetic pigment. This pigment gives the brown color to the algae. Chlorophyll is also present but in very minute quantity
• Members of these phylum store carbohydrates as soluable laminarin and manibol
• They are all marine and they occur within the intertidal zones of rocky shores
• They are multicellular and reproduce asexually by fragmentation or by the formation of biflagellated zoospores that fuse to produce a zygote
• Lack  a conducting vessels (no xylem and no phloem) examples: to study focus

S.N Fucus Vesiculosus

Structure

It has a dichotomous branch thalloids which are consist of 3 parts:

• The first part is hepteron:

It is very strong and gives the focus a very firm attachment to rock pattern. This prevent to bladder wrack from been washed away by strong waves.

• The second part is the leathery frond (blade or lamina)

It is flat and tough. It is tough so as to resist wave’s movement against it. It is flat to expose a large surface area to sunlight for photosynthesis. The blade is also covered with mucilage for protection against dessication (drying up).

• The stemless potion which is the stripe which is tough and flexible so as to withstand wave action. On the blade are found pairs of air bladders or gas bladders. These bladders are filled with gas which provides buoyancy. They flood for maximum exposure of their blade to sunlight during high tides. The flat lamina is dichotomously branching and these reduce the strength of wave’s prevention injuries
• The tip of the blade is swollen to form receptacle. Small opening on the receptacles led into cavities called conceptacles. These conceptacles contains the male and female