TYPES OF REPRODUCTION

 There are two types of reproduction namely;

• Asexual reproduction
• Sexual reproduction

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

 This type of reproduction wher by offspring produce are identical , physical and genetically

Only mitosis occurs during asexual reproduction.

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

 This type of reproduction wher by offspring produce are identical , physical and genetically

Only mitosis occurs during asexual reproduction

CHARACTERISTICS OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• MANY OFFSPRING ARE PRODUCED
• No gametes are involve
• No fertilization
• Only one parent is involve
• It involve mitosis
• It is a rapid method of increasing the population of plant and animal species

TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

FISSION:  this is the simplest form of asexual reproduction . it involves the division of the cell into two or more daughter identical to the parent. In bacteria and Amoeba a  process called binary fission takes place. When there is division of the cell into many daughter cell we talk of multiple fussion e.g the plasmodium undergo multiple fission

SPORE FORMATION:  spores are form at the tips of hyphae enclosed in a sporangium. They are produced in large numbers and they are very light so that they can easily be dispersed by wind. When they fall on a suitable environment they germinate and allow rapid multiplication and the spread of the fungi this type of reproduction is common with the bread mould*

BUDDING: Asexual reproduction by budding is mostly practised in yeast cell. Nit is a kind of reproduction in which a new individual is produce as an out grouth and is later relist as an independent indentical copy of the parent.

FRAGMENTATION:  it is a type of asexual reproduction where by pieces of the growing filament simply break away and continuous to grow independently of the parent filament. This is common in spirogyra

REGENERATION OF LOST PART: many animals are able to grow new parts this is called regeneration. An earth worm can grow a new tail section if it is cut at any point after the first 40 segment of it body. One arm of a star fish is able to regenerate a whole star fish.

VEGETATIVE PROPERGATION:  this is the most common form of asexual reproduction in plant it usually involves the growth of a new stem which eventually become separated from the parent plant to form a new individual. In this way several plant can be produce from a single parent plant e.g cassava stem.

ADVANTAGES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• It lead to rapid multiplication
• It does not depend on external factors such as pollination, fertilization or dispersal
• Only one parent is involve

DISADVANTAGES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• NO GENETIC VARIATION IN OFFSPRING
• It may result in overcranding
• No new variety is introduced into the species

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

It is a reproduction which involve the fussion of the haploid nuclei of the male gamete with the haploid of the female gamete to form a zygote

CHARACTERISITIC OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• Two parent are involved
• There is fertilisation
• Few offspring are produce(less prolific)
• There is variation that is offspring differ from each of their parent
• It is a lsow method for increasing the population of plant
• It takes place and higher animals

ADVATAGES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• Genetic variation in offspring
• There is little or no competition between offspring and their parent
• Colonisation of new areas is possible
• Good characteristics may be enhanced in the next generation

DISADVANTAGES

• it is a slower means of reproduction
• parental food supply to young once is limited
• it depends on the chances of meeting a mating patner
• more reproduce individuals with undesirable qualities due to genetics variation.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANT

The flower is an organ of sexual reproduction in flowering plant. Therefore a flower can be defined as the reproductive part of a flowering plant. Most flowers have both male and female reproductive organ thus some are of a single sex, the flowers is connected to the parent by a flower stalk or perdicels . a flower I smade up of four main part

• calyx
• corolla
• androecium
• gynoecium

CALYX: it is the outermost whole of the flower it is usually compose of two to five small leaf-like part called sepals. They are green in colour and helps to protect the inner part of the flower from the sun and rain it also help in photosynthesis

COROLLA:  it is usually the most conspicuous and include all petals. It helps to attract insects to the flower which help in pollination

ANDROECIUM:  inside the corolla are the main reproductive organs collectively known as the andrecium. It forms the third whole of flowers and consist of stamen each stamen is made up of a long stalk known as the filament

GYNOECIUM:  it is the female part of  a flower it is known as the pistil and consist of carpels. The carpel consist of the stigma and style ovary. The ovary contain unfertile seed called the ovules