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CHEMISTRY FROM 1

CHAPTER 3: Pure substance and mixtures

Separation of mixtures
  1. Separating solid-solid mixtures
  1. Hand picking e.g. rice and beans
  2. Winnowing e.g. groundnut and its peelings
  3. Sieving e.g. corn flour from corn brands
  4. Magnetization e.g. money (coins) from shoes using a magnet
  5. Sublimation e.g. common salt and camphor
  1. Separation of solid-liquid mixtures
  1. Filtration e.g. water and sand, tea and water
  2. Centrifugation e.g. blood cell from other nutrients
  3. Evaporation followed by crystallization e.g.  separation of common salt and water
  1. Separation of liquid-liquid mixture
  1. Simple distillation: it is used to recover a solvent from a solution. E.g. separating pure water from a mixture of sea water.
  2. Fractional distillation: it is used to separate miscible liquids which have different boiling points. E.g. separating kerosene and water, ethanol and water
  3. Using a separating funnel: this method is used to separate immiscible liquids e.g. water and oil
  1. Separating liquid-gas mixtures

It is simply done by allowing the gas to escape from the liquid. E.g. separating carbon-dioxide from a bottle of fanta

  1. Separating gas-gas mixtures

This is done by liquefaction and then by fractional distillation.

 

par Claude Foumtum