Proteins are long chain polymers compose of 20 different units of amino acid, the sequence in which these amino acid molecules occurs in the protein molecule is of critical importance. How is the information found in the nucleus in the DNA transmitted from the nucleus to the site of synthesis in cytoplasm? This is usually done in 8 ways
-Replication
-Transcription
-Translation
-From DNA to RNA by replication (transmission from generation to generation)
-From DNA to RNA by transcription
-From mRNA to protein by translation
Protein synthesis involves 3 types of RNA molecule:
It carries the transcription message from DNA to the nucleus to ribosome. The smallest mRNA molecule is about zoo nucleotide units long, 3.5% of the total RNA of the cell is mRNA
It carries individual amino acid from the cytoplasm to ribosome where they are assembled into proteins. Each amino acid has its own tRNA, tRNA is some time called soluable RNA. It constitutes about 15% of the total RNA of the cell and has about so nucleotide per molecule
It forms an interval part of ribosome, it is found in cytoplasm where it combines with protein to form ribosome. 80% of the total RNA of the cell is rRNA.
