Abiotic factors are the non-living component of the environment which could affect the distribution of living organism within an environment. Example of such factors include:

Temperature, light, wind, water,rainfall, oxygen concentration, carbondioxide concentration

Light affect both plant and animals in the number of ways

• Light is essential for photosynthesis
• Light enables plant to flowered and reproduced and also for seed germination
• It also increase the rate of transpiration
• It influence ripening of fruit
• Many animals hunts at night
• Light also helps animals to locate their food mating partners and enemies
• Light is also needed to manufacture vitamin D

Temperature  affect plant and animals in the following ways;

• It causes leaf fall
• Iit causes opening of the stomata
• It causes germination of some seed
• High temperature cause wilting in plants
• High temperature cause denaturing of enzymes. It also causes shedding of leaf in plant

THE BIOTIC ENVIRONMENT

The biotic environment comprises all the activities of living organism associated with an environment. Biotic factors produce both harmful and beneficial effect. Some of this factors includes.

1. Predation:  a predator is an animal that captures, kill and eat another smaller animals called the pray. Predators are usually larger than their prey. The predators benefit from the relationship while the prey is harm.
2. Symbiosis: symbiosis means living together, it involve living together of two different species of organism which live in intimate physical contact in a relationship that essential for the survival of one or both of the specie concerned. The species that benefit from the relationship is known as the symbiioin and the other the host. Symbiotic relation include

• Mutualism: In this type of relationship both species of organism benefit since each mutual depend on the other for it survival and will not survive in the absence of the other.
• Commensalism: in this relationship only one member of the pair involved in the relationship derived benefit. The host neither gain nor looses any thing.
• Parasitism: a parasite is an organism that live in or on the body  of another living organism of a different specie called the host. The parasite derives food and shelter from the host and intend harm the host e.g the malaria parasite that penetrate the red blood cells therefore in parasitism the parasite gain while the host is harmed.