There are two main kinds of logic: Traditional logic and modern deductive logic. Aristotle is recognized as the founder of traditional logic (categorical logic) with emphasis on syllogistic reasoning meanwhile Frege Goltlob is recognized as the founder of modern deductive logic (truth-functional logic) with emphasis on symbols. However, we have
- Analytical logic: it examines the various elements that make up a compound sentence.e.g in this statement;
- If it is raining, then there would be thunder.
This statement has two parts: the 1st part is called the antecedent i.e. it is raining and the second part called the consequent i.e. there would be thunder. Here, we have a cause and effect relationship.
- Rain is a cause
- Thunder is the effect of rain
- Symbolic logic: it is mathematical logic with the use of particular letters and symbols to stand where terms of a particular category might occur in sentences e.g. if P then Q, i.e. if it is raining (P), then there would be thunder(Q). Let us use ‘’p’’ for the proposition it is raining and ‘Q’ for the proposition that there is thunder.
